Steam 250
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A Saturated Steam Table with steam properties as specific volume, density, specific enthalpy and specific entropy
Properties of steam at varying pressures and temperatures:
For full table with Entropy - rotate the screen!
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Absolute pressure (kPa, kN/m2) | Evaporation Temperature (oC) | Specific Volume (m3/kg) | Density - ρ - (kg/m3) | Specific Enthalpy of | Specific Entropy of Steam - s - (kJ/kgK) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liquid - hl - (kJ/kg) | Evaporation - he - (kJ/kg) | Steam - hs - (kJ/kg) | |||||
0.8 | 3.8 | 160 | 0.00626 | 15.8 | 2493 | 2509 | 9.058 |
2.0 | 17.5 | 67.0 | 0.0149 | 73.5 | 2460 | 2534 | 8.725 |
5.0 | 32.9 | 28.2 | 0.0354 | 137.8 | 2424 | 2562 | 8.396 |
10.0 | 45.8 | 14.7 | 0.0682 | 191.8 | 2393 | 2585 | 8.151 |
20.0 | 60.1 | 7.65 | 0.131 | 251.5 | 2358 | 2610 | 7.909 |
28 | 67.5 | 5.58 | 0.179 | 282.7 | 2340 | 2623 | 7.793 |
35 | 72.7 | 4.53 | 0.221 | 304.3 | 2327 | 2632 | 7.717 |
45 | 78.7 | 3.58 | 0.279 | 329.6 | 2312 | 2642 | 7.631 |
55 | 83.7 | 2.96 | 0.338 | 350.6 | 2299 | 2650 | 7.562 |
65 | 88.0 | 2.53 | 0.395 | 368.6 | 2288 | 2657 | 7.506 |
75 | 91.8 | 2.22 | 0.450 | 384.5 | 2279 | 2663 | 7.457 |
85 | 95.2 | 1.97 | 0.507 | 398.6 | 2270 | 2668 | 7.415 |
95 | 98.2 | 1.78 | 0.563 | 411.5 | 2262 | 2673 | 7.377 |
100 | 99.6 | 1.69 | 0.590 | 417.5 | 2258 | 2675 | 7.360 |
101.331) | 100 | 1.67 | 0.598 | 419.1 | 2257 | 2676 | 7.355 |
110 | 102.3 | 1.55 | 0.646 | 428.8 | 2251 | 2680 | 7.328 |
130 | 107.1 | 1.33 | 0.755 | 449.2 | 2238 | 2687 | 7.271 |
150 | 111.4 | 1.16 | 0.863 | 467.1 | 2226 | 2698 | 7.223 |
170 | 115.2 | 1.03 | 0.970 | 483.2 | 2216 | 2699 | 7.181 |
190 | 118.6 | 0.929 | 1.08 | 497.8 | 2206 | 2704 | 7.144 |
220 | 123.3 | 0.810 | 1.23 | 517.6 | 2193 | 2711 | 7.095 |
260 | 128.7 | 0.693 | 1.44 | 540.9 | 2177 | 2718 | 7.039 |
280 | 131.2 | 0.646 | 1.55 | 551.4 | 2170 | 2722 | 7.014 |
320 | 135.8 | 0.570 | 1.75 | 570.9 | 2157 | 2728 | 6.969 |
360 | 139.9 | 0.510 | 1.96 | 588.5 | 2144 | 2733 | 6.930 |
400 | 143.1 | 0.462 | 2.16 | 604.7 | 2133 | 2738 | 6.894 |
440 | 147.1 | 0.423 | 2.36 | 619.6 | 2122 | 2742 | 6.862 |
480 | 150.3 | 0.389 | 2.57 | 633.5 | 2112 | 2746 | 6.833 |
500 | 151.8 | 0.375 | 2.67 | 640.1 | 2107 | 2748 | 6.819 |
550 | 155.5 | 0.342 | 2.92 | 655.8 | 2096 | 2752 | 6.787 |
600 | 158.8 | 0.315 | 3.175 | 670.4 | 2085 | 2756 | 6.758 |
650 | 162.0 | 0.292 | 3.425 | 684.1 | 2075 | 2759 | 6.730 |
700 | 165.0 | 0.273 | 3.66 | 697.1 | 2065 | 2762 | 6.705 |
750 | 167.8 | 0.255 | 3.915 | 709.3 | 2056 | 2765 | 6.682 |
800 | 170.4 | 0.240 | 4.16 | 720.9 | 2047 | 2768 | 6.660 |
850 | 172.9 | 0.229 | 4.41 | 732.0 | 2038 | 2770 | 6.639 |
900 | 175.4 | 0.215 | 4.65 | 742.6 | 2030 | 2772 | 6.619 |
950 | 177.7 | 0.204 | 4.90 | 752.8 | 2021 | 2774 | 6.601 |
1000 | 179.9 | 0.194 | 5.15 | 762.6 | 2014 | 2776 | 6.583 |
1050 | 182.0 | 0.186 | 5.39 | 772 | 2006 | 2778 | 6.566 |
1150 | 186.0 | 0.170 | 5.89 | 790 | 1991 | 2781 | 6.534 |
1250 | 189.8 | 0.157 | 6.38 | 807 | 1977 | 2784 | 6.505 |
1300 | 191.6 | 0.151 | 6.62 | 815 | 1971 | 2785 | 6.491 |
1500 | 198.3 | 0.132 | 7.59 | 845 | 1945 | 2790 | 6.441 |
1600 | 201.4 | 0.124 | 8.03 | 859 | 1933 | 2792 | 6.418 |
1800 | 207.1 | 0.110 | 9.07 | 885 | 1910 | 2795 | 6.375 |
2000 | 212.4 | 0.0995 | 10.01 | 909 | 1889 | 2797 | 6.337 |
2100 | 214.9 | 0.0945 | 10.54 | 920 | 1878 | 2798 | 6.319 |
2300 | 219.6 | 0.0868 | 11.52 | 942 | 1858 | 2800 | 6.285 |
2400 | 221.8 | 0.0832 | 12.02 | 952 | 1849 | 2800 | 6.269 |
2600 | 226.0 | 0.0769 | 13.01 | 972 | 1830 | 2801 | 6.239 |
2700 | 228.1 | 0.0740 | 13.52 | 981 | 1821 | 2802 | 6.224 |
2900 | 232.0 | 0.0689 | 14.52 | 1000 | 1803 | 2802 | 6.197 |
3000 | 233.8 | 0.0666 | 15.00 | 1008 | 1794 | 2802 | 6.184 |
3200 | 237.4 | 0.0624 | 16.02 | 1025 | 1779 | 2802 | 6.158 |
3400 | 240.9 | 0.0587 | 17.04 | 1042 | 1760 | 2802 | 6.134 |
3600 | 244.2 | 0.0554 | 18.06 | 1058 | 1744 | 2802 | 6.112 |
3800 | 247.3 | 0.0524 | 19.08 | 1073 | 1728 | 2801 | 6.090 |
4000 | 250.3 | 0.0497 | 20.09 | 1087 | 1713 | 2800 | 6.069 |
- Vacuum steam is the general term used for saturated steam at temperatures below 100°C.
1)Atmospheric pressure
- Absolute Pressure = Gauge Pressure + Atmospheric Pressure
- Specific enthalpy - or Sensible Heat - is the quantity of heat in 1 kg of water according to the selected temperature
Example - Boiling Water at 100 oC and 0 bar
At atmospheric pressure - 0 bar gauge or absolute 101.33 kN/m2- water boils at 100 oC. 419 kJ of energy is required to heat 1 kg of water from 0 oC to the saturation temperature 100 oC.
Therefore, at 0 bar gauge (absolute 101.33 kN/m2) and 100 oC - the specific enthalpy of water is 419 kJ/kg.
Another 2257 kJ of energy is required to evaporate the 1 kg of water at 100 oC to steam at 100 oC. Therefore, at 0 bar gauge (absolute 101.33 kN/m2) - the specific enthalpy of evaporation is 2257 kJ/kg.
The total specific enthalpy of the steam (or heat required to evaporate water to steam) at atmospheric pressure and 100 oC can be summarized as:
hs = 419 + 2257
= 2676 kJ/kg
= 2676 (kJ/kg) / 3600 (s/h) = 0.74 kWh/kg
(1 hour = 3600 seconds, 1 kW = 1 kJ/s)
Example - Boiling Water at 170 oC and 7 bar
Steam at atmospheric pressure is of limited practical use since it can not be conveyed by its own pressure along a steam pipe to the points of consumption.
At 7 bar gauge (absolute 800 kN/m2) - the saturation temperature of water is 170 oC. More heat energy is required to raise the temperature to the saturation point at 7 bar gauge than needed for water at atmospheric pressure. From the table a value of 720.9 kJ is needed to raise 1 kg of water from 0 oC to the saturation temperature 170 oC.
The heat energy (enthalpy of evaporation) needed at 7 bar gauge to evaporate the water to steam is actually less than the heat energy required at atmospheric pressure. The specific enthalpy of evaporation decrease with steam pressure increase. The evaporation heat is 2047 kJ/kg according the table.
Note! Because the specific volume of steam decreases with increasing pressure, the amount of heat energy transferred in the same volume actually increases with steam pressure. In other words the same pipe may transfer more energy with high pressure steam than with low pressure steam.
Related Topics
- Steam and Condensate - Steam & condensate systems- properties, capacities, pipe sizing, systems configuration and more
- Flash Steam - Flash steam generation - thermodynamic fundamentals, heat loss, energy recovery and more
- Steam Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics of steam and condensate applications
Related Documents
- Arithmetic and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Differences in Heat Exchangers - Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference - AMTD - and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference - LMTD - formulas with examples - Online Mean Temperature Calculator
- Classification of Steam Heating Systems - Steam systems carries heat through pipes from the boiler to consumers as heat exchangers, process equipment etc.
- Compressed Water Properties - Specific volume, enthalpy and entropy of compressed water
- Condensate Lines - Flash Steam - Flash steam produced in condensate pipe lines
- Enthalpy of Wet Steam - Wet steam, the dryness fraction and enthalpy
- Entropy of Superheated Steam - Entropy of steam superheated to temperatures above saturation point
- Evaporation from Water Surface - Evaporation of water from a water surface - like a swimming pool or an open tank - depends on water temperature, air temperature, air humidity and air velocity above the water surface - online calculator
- Evaporative Cooling - An evaporative cooling tutorial
- Flash Steam Energy Loss - When flash steam is generated and vented to the surroundings a considerable amount of energy is lost
- Heating Air with Steam - Calculate air heating with steam
- Mollier Diagram for Water-Steam - Enthalpy-entropy diagram for water and steam
- Properties of Saturated Steam - Imperial Units - Steam table with sensible, latent and total heat, and specific volume at different gauge pressures and temperatures
- Properties of Saturated Steam - Pressure in Bar - Saturated Steam Table with properties like boiling point, specific volume, density, specific enthalpy, specific heat and latent heat of vaporization
- Sizing Steam Pipes (kg/h) - Steam is a compressible gas where pipe line mass flow capacity depends on steam pressure.
- Specific Volume of Wet Steam - Wet steam and specific volume
- Steam & Condensate Equations - Steam consumption and condensate generation when heating liquid or gas flows
- Steam Condensation and Heat Transfer - Heat transfer when condensing steam
- Steam Consumption for some Typical Steam Heated Consumers - Steam consumption rates for typical steam heated consumers in industries like bakeries, breweries, paper factories etc.
- Steam Entropy - Basic steam thermodynamics and the entropy diagram
- Steam Flow Rate versus kW Rating - Calculate steam flow rate when kW rating is known
- Steam Pipe - Online Pressure drop Calculator - Calculate pressure drops in steam distribution pipe lines
- Steam Trap Selection Guide - A steam trap selection guide - Float & Thermostatic, Inverted Bucket, Bimetal Thermostatic, Impulse and Thermodynamic Disc steam traps
- Steam Traps - Back Pressure and Capacity - A back pressure in a condensate systems will reduce steam trap capacity
- Stress in Steam Boiler Shells from Boiler Pressure - Calculate stress in in steam boiler shells caused by steam pressure
- Vapor and Steam - Introduction to vapor and steam
- Water - Saturation Pressure and Specific Weight - Vapor pressure and specific weight of water at temperatures ranging 32 to 212 oF - Imperial Units
- Water - Specific Heat - Online calculator, figures and tables showing specific heat of liquid water at constant volume or constant pressure at temperatures from 0 to 360 °C (32-700 °F) - SI and Imperial units
- Water - Specific Volume - Online calculator, figures and tables showing Specific Volume of water at temperatures ranging from 0-370 °C and 32 - 700 °F - Imperial and IS Units
- Wet Steam Quality and Dryness Fraction - Introduction and definition of steam quality and dryness fraction including calculating wet steam enthalpy and specific volume
I. QUALIFICATIONS: Age: Min. – 18 yrs Education: H. S. Grad. or Equivalent (G.E.D.)
Top free photo editing software for mac. II. ABOUT THE PROGRAM:
The Steamfitter and Industrial Pipefitter Apprenticeship Training Program is for five (5) years. Apprentices earn while they learn, working on the job and attending classes of related technical instruction.
Nature of Work: Fabricates, assembles, installs, tests, maintains, and rehabilitates industrial, manufacturing, heating, cooling, instrumentation and control piping. A variety of welding processes are used in performing welding operations. Work may include rigging operations and Computer Aided Design CAD functions.
Area: Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties.
Helpful High School, Trade School Or College Courses: Mathematics, including Algebra and Geometry, Machine or Forge Shop, Drafting, Mechanical Drawing or Blueprint Reading, Physical Science.
Wages: Apprentices earn a percentage of the Journeyman wage rate, by classification. Currently, Journeyman wage is $46.88 / hr. and the 1st Year apprentice wage is 45% of journeyman wages. All wage rates and conditions are subject to change without notice as per the Collective Bargaining Agreement. After meeting all annual requirements apprentices advance in the program and receive a pay raise once a year.
Hours of Work: 6:30a.m. - 3:30p.m., ½ hour lunch, forty (40) hrs./wk., or as modified by union agreement.
Classes: Apprentices attend 216 hours a year in classes of related technical and manipulative instruction. All 1st and 2nd year Apprentices attend daytime training 2–3 days a month -6:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. every other week. All 3rd thru 5th Year Apprentices attend classes 2 nights every week - 5:45 p.m. to 9:15 p.m.
Tools and Transportation: Apprentices must have required tools and their own transportation. The tools are tape measure, level, channel locks, hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, tube cutters, tin snips, reamers, and saws. While in the trade, apprentices will learn to work with drills, grinders, braces & bits, chisels, power machines, hydraulic pipe benders, gas & arc welding, soldering /brazing equipment while on the job.
Where Employed: Commercial, industrial, manufacturing, food processing plants & petrochemical industry.
Skills required for this job: Steamfitters and Industrial Pipefitters work with their hands, use hand, power tools and use welding processes on piping systems. Must know mechanical principles and understand how things work. Steamfitters and Industrial Pipefitters need a working knowledge of mathematics and science.
Working Conditions: Steamfitter and Industrial Pipefitter work is strenuous, most is done outdoors. It involves a lot of standing, stooping, and heavy lifting, pulling and pushing. The work involves joining pipes together by following layouts, diagrams and blue prints. Autocad 2018 download student mac. It may require standing for long periods or being in cramped and uncomfortable positions. The work can be uncomfortable during hot or cold weather. Risks include falls from ladders, cuts from sharp tools, burns from hot pipes or steam.
Availability and Continuity of Work: Employment prospects vary with industry needs, economic cycles and capital expenditures by public agencies, locality and weather.
Fringe Benefits: Health, Dental, and Prescription Drug coverage, Pension, Vacation and Holiday, and Life Insurance are provided as eligibility is established.
Union Affiliation: Apprentices are obligated to make application to the Union at the start of their apprenticeship and must maintain their availability for employment referral. Apprentices serve a probationary period for the first year of their apprenticeship.
Completion Certificates: Apprentices attain journeyman status and are awarded completion certificates.
III. ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION:
The program is under a collective bargaining agreement between signatory contractors and the Union. Our signatory contractors pay all costs by hourly contributions to the apprenticeship fund. A Board of Trustees administers the fund and determines policy. The apprentice’s are supervised by the Journeyman Apprentice & Training Committee (JA&TC) comprised of equal representatives of the Union and signatory Contractors.
IV. TRAINING STANDARDS:
The JA&TC prepares the apprenticeship training standards and they are approved and registered with, the State of California, Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Apprenticeship Standards (DIR/DAS). These Standards provide for training of apprentices on the job, in work processes of the trade, in related technical and manipulative instruction. The objective of the five (5) year program is to train apprentices to be an all-around journeyman Steamfitters. Safety is stressed throughout the training.
V. APPRENTICESHIP AGREEMENT:
Each apprentice is registered with the Department of Labor (DOL) and with the State of California, DIR/DAS by signing an Apprenticeship Agreement with the JA&TC and must abide by the Rules and Regulations, Policies and Standards.
Steam 250 Top
VI. HOW, WHERE AND WHEN TO APPLY FOR APPRENTICESHIP:
Applications for the Steamfitter and Industrial Pipefitter Apprenticeship Program are accepted as follows:
On the First and Third Thursday of each month unless otherwise specified -
(APPLICATION INTAKE IS ON A FREEZE AS OF JULY 1, 2019 until further notice. Please visit our website early in 2020 for an update on new application dates. Possible start up intentions are spring of 2020.)
Steamfitter and Industrial Pipefitter
Joint Apprenticeship & Training Committee Office
18355 S. Figueroa St., Gardena, CA 90248
(310) 323-4475
UA250JATC@ua250.org
Contacts:
Herb M. Kleeman, JAC Secretary - Phone: (310) 660-0035 Ext. 3311
Lisa J. Rivera, Administrative Assistant - Phone: (310) 818-2526
Minimum Qualifications: applicants must be a minimum of 18 years old, with a high school diploma OR have a G.E.D. Applicants appear in person and bring the following: AN ORIGINAL of item 1 - plus A READABLE COPY of items 2 - 5 listed below for the application file.
1. H.S. Transcripts: An original/certified official copy must be provided for your file OR if your have a G.E.D. provide a COPY of the G.E.D. Test Scores in place of transcripts.
2. H.S. Diploma: OR a G.E.D. Certificate
3. Birth Certificate: -OR current US passport OR INS documentation.
4. Valid State Issued Photo I.D. or Drivers License
5. Social Security Card
6. Attn: Military Veterans - bring your DD 214; Register withHelmetstohardhats.org; Bring in a copy of your confirmation email from Helmets to Hardhats.
Application Procedures:
1. Applicants are scheduled and notified by mail for the Qualification Basic Math Test. Hand held calculators are allowed to be used on the test. Applicants must keep the JAC Office notified of any address changes.
2. Applicants must achieve 70% or higher on the test to be notified when to appear for an oral interview.
3. After completing the oral interview, applicants are then placed on an eligible pool of applicants list ranked from highest score to lowest score achieved.
4. Names are then drawn from the eligible pool of applicants list from highest to lowest score achieved to form upcoming apprentice classes. Those who do not make it into the semester due to quantity of available space will need to reapply for the next round of applicant process.
VII. NON-DISCRIMINATION
The Los Angeles & Vicinity Steamfitter & Industrial Pipefitter Apprenticeship Committee does not discriminate in selection, employment or training of Apprentices on the basis of race, sex, color, religion, or national origin. Title 29 CRFR 30.11: Any applicant or apprentice who believes that they have been discriminated against may file a written and signed complaint to an authorized representative of the Registration Agency. Procedure information shall be provided upon request.
Can you download office 365 on mac. Classes: Apprentices attend 216 hours a year in classes of related technical manipulative instruction. All new apprentices will do Block Training attending daytime training 4 days for a week -6:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. every 5 weeks.
Current period for APPLICATIONS – 2019: Mar 7 & 21, Apr 4 & 18, May 2 & 16, Jun 6 & 20. There will not be a scheduled Intake Math Test in the fall of 2019 (this is subject to change).
At this time the next period of application intake from September 2019 thru February 2020 will be frozen until further notice. There will not be a scheduled Intake Math Test in the spring of 2020 (this is subject to change).